Building a strong and aesthetic physique is the ultimate goal of many fitness enthusiasts. However, it requires discipline, proper nutrition, and a well-designed workout program.
A workout program helps you work out in an organized manner and achieve your fitness goal.
In this article, I’ve shared a 12 week body transformation gym workout plan (with PDF) for those who want to build muscles and transform their physique from lean to muscular.
This workout program will be challenging and requires great effort, but it will ultimately help you achieve your best physique.
Is it Possible to Transform Your Physique in 12 weeks?
It is not possible to transform your physique in twelve weeks. Building muscles takes time, typically from six months to two years depending on how your body responds, how consistent you are, and what you consume to recover and build your muscles.
A study published by the International Journal of Exercise Science has shown that intermediate lifters (including men and women) gained approximately 2.2 pounds of lean mass after eight weeks of resistance training.1Thomas MH, Burns SP. Increasing Lean Mass and Strength: A Comparison of High-Frequency Strength Training to Lower Frequency Strength Training. Int J Exerc Sci. 2016;9(2):159-167. Published 2016 Apr 1.
So, if you’ve been working out for a while, you can expect a 2-3 pound gain in two months, and if you are a beginner, you can expect more muscle growth in your initial training period.
Three months may not be enough for muscle building, but it can help you achieve noticeable results if you follow this transformation workout plan properly. If you see muscle growth, you can continue further.
Summary of 12 Week Transformation Gym Workout Program
- Week 1 – Full-Body Split
- Week 2 – Full-Body Split
- Week 3 – Upper/Lower Split
- Week 4 – Upper/Lower Split
- Week 5 – Push, Pull, Legs (PPL)
- Week 6 – Push, Pull, Legs (PPL)
- Week 7 – Upper and Lower Mix
- Week 8 – Upper and Lower Mix
- Week 9 – Bro Split
- Week 10 – Bro Split
- Week 11 – Upper and Lower Combine
- Week 12 – Upper and Lower Combine
Goal | Body Transformation (Strength and Gain) |
Workout Frequency | 5-6 days a week |
Difficulty level | Beginner to Intermediate |
Duration of each session | 75-90 minutes |
PDF of This Workout Plan | At the Bottom |
Rest Between sets | 2-4 minutes |
Alternate Plan | 30-Day Muscle Building Plan |
Nutrition Recommend | Whey Isolates |
A full body workout split requires you to train your entire muscle group almost every day and help you boost strength. 2A Comparison Between Total Body and Split Routine Resistance Training Programs in Trained Men– The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Upper/lower spit and PPL allow you to work on your major muscles a couple of times a week to help you beef up mass.
And with a Bro-split, you can strengthen and build a specific muscle in a single workout session.3 Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – The National Institute of Health Database
I’ve incorporated various routine types in this 12 week transformation program so you can enjoy working out while building strength and hypertrophy.
12 Week Body Transformation Workout Plan
Before you start, please keep some of the usual tips in your mind.
- Make sure you increase the loads when you decrease the repetitions during the workout.
- Do each rep in a controlled manner by engaging your working muscles efficiently.
- Whether you lift light or heavy, make sure you feel the full contraction and do until failure.
Week 1 – Full-Body Split
Frequency: 5 days a week
Rest days: Thursday and Sunday
Monday
Exercise | Muscles Worked | Reps |
---|---|---|
Treadmill Run | Full-body | 2-5 minute |
Barbell Back Squat | Legs | 15, 12, 10 |
Incline DB Bench Press | Chest | 12, 10, 8 |
Lateral Raises | Shoulder | 12, 10, 8 |
Tricep Overhead Extension | Triceps | 12, 10, 8 |
Bent Over Row | Back | 12, 10, 8 |
Leg Curl | Hamstrings | 12, 10, 8 |
Plank | Core | 60-sec |
Side Plank | Core | 30-sec/side |
Tuesday
Exercise | Muscles Worked | Reps |
---|---|---|
Pull-up | Back and Biceps | AMRAP x 3 |
Deadlift | Legs and Back | 5, 4, 2, 1 |
Military Press | Shoulder | 15, 12, 10 |
Front Lunges | Legs | 8-10/side x 2 |
Single-arm DB Rowing | Back and Biceps | 12, 10, 8 |
Dumbbell Pullover | Back and Chest | 12, 10, 8 |
Reverse Pec Deck Fly | Rear Delt | 12, 10, 8 |
Hanging Knee Raise | Core | 10 x 2 |
Wednesday
Exercise | Muscles Build | Reps |
---|---|---|
Weighted Push-up | Chest and Triceps | AMRAP x 3 |
Dumbbell Step Up | Legs | 8-10/side x 3 |
Flat Bench Press | Chest | 12, 10, 8 |
Seated Pec Deck Fly | Chest | AMRAP x 3 |
Front Lat Pulldown | Back | 12, 10, 8 |
Seated Cable Rowing | Back | 12, 10, 8 |
Chinups | Back and Biceps | AMRAP x 3 |
Friday
Exercise | Muscles Worked | Reps |
---|---|---|
Barbell Back Squat | Legs | 15, 12, 10 |
Bar Dips | Chest and Tricep | AMRAP x 3 |
Military Press | Shoulder | 15, 12, 10 |
Reverse Fly | Back and Shoulder | 12, 10, 8 |
Shoulder Shrug | Shoulder | 12, 10, 8 |
Glutes Bridge | Glutes | 10 x 2 |
Low Back Extension | Posterior Chain | 10 x 3 |
Saturday
Exercise | Muscles Worked | Reps |
---|---|---|
Pullups | Back | AMRAP x 3 |
Flat Bench Press | Chest | 15, 12, 10 |
DB Incline Bench Press | Chest | 12, 10, 8 |
Lateral Raises | Shoulder | 10-12 x 3 |
Bent-Over Row | Back | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raise | Calves | 12, 10, 8 |
Reverse Crunches | Core | 20 |
Sit-up | Core | 20 |
Leg Raises | Core | 10 |
Plank | Core | 60-sec |
Side Plank | Core | 30-sec/side |
Week 2 – Total Body Split
In the second week of the 12 Week Body Transformation Workout Plan, you can replace some exercises from the first-week routine.
For example, you can replace treadmill run warm-up workout with a stationary bicycling, barbell squat with hack squat, barbell RDL to good morning, and military press with Arnold press.
Depending on your fitness level, you can choose compound workouts that work on your entire body.
You can also repeat the same exercise in the second week if you don’t want to change.
Week 3 – Upper/Lower Split
- Monday: Chest and Triceps
- Tuesday: Quadriceps and Calves
- Wednesday: Back and Biceps
- Thursday: Rest
- Friday: Hamstrings and Glutes
- Saturday: Shoulder and Core
- Sunday: Rest
Monday – Chest and Triceps
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Flat Bench Press | 15, 10, 8, 6 |
Incline Dumbbell Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Machine/Cable Fly | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Dumbbell Pullover | 12, 10, 8 |
Bar Dips | AMRAP x 3 |
Triangle Pushup | AMRAP x 2 |
Skull Crushers | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Rope Pushdown | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Tuesday – Quadriceps, and Calves
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Barbell Back Squat | 15, 12, 10 |
Machine Leg Press | 12, 10, 8 |
Leg Extension | 15, 12, 10 |
Dumbbell Lunges | 12, 10, 8 |
Sumo Squat | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8 |
Wednesday – Back and Biceps
Workout | Muscles | Reps |
---|---|---|
Pullup/Assisted PU | Back | 6-8 x 3 |
Deadlift | Back | 6, 4, 2 |
Lat Pulldown | Back | 12, 10, 8 |
Seated Cable Rowing | Back | 10, 8, 8 |
Single-arm DB Rowing | Back | 10 x 2 |
Barbell Curl | Biceps | 10 x 2 |
Concentration Curl | Biceps | 10 x 2 |
Preacher Curl | Biceps | 60 sec |
Friday – Hamstrings and Glutes
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Barbell Good Morning | 10 x 2 |
Dumbbell Step Up | 10 x 2 |
Hamstring Curl | 10 x 2 |
Barbell RDL | 8, 6, 4 |
Bulgarian Split Squat | 10 x 2 |
Barbell Hip Thrust | 12, 10, 8 |
Saturday – Shoulder and Core
Exercise | Reps |
---|---|
Military Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Front Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Lateral Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Rear Delt Raise | 10, 8, 6 |
Upright Row | 10, 8, 6 |
Reverse Crunches | 10 x 2 |
Sit-ups | 10 x 2 |
Leg Raises | 10 x 2 |
Plank | 60-sec |
Side Plank | 30-sec |
Week 4 – Upper/Lower Split
You can do the same workouts that you have done in the third week. However, you can add and replace some exercises based on your fitness level in the fourth week of 12 week transformation workout program.
You can select some of the best workouts from the dumbbell compound movements if you like.
Week 5 – Push, Pull, Legs (PPL)
Monday– Chest, Shoulder, and Triceps
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Flat Barbell Bench Press | 12, 10, 8 |
Incline DB Bench Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Bar Dips | 12, 10, 8 |
Overhead Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Lateral Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Barbell Front Raise | 10, 8, 6 |
Triceps Kickback | 10, 8, 6 |
Tuesday – Back, Biceps, and Core
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Pullup | AMRAP x 3 |
Standard Deadlift | 6, 4, 2 |
Pulldown | 12, 10, 8 |
Seated Rowing | 10, 8, 8 |
Face pull | 10 x 2 |
Barbell Curl | 10 x 2 |
Incline DB Curl | 10 x 2 |
Mountain Climber | 30-sec x 2 |
Plank | 60-sec x 2 |
Side Plank | 30-sec x 2 |
Wednesday – Legs
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Lunges | 10 x 2 |
Barbell Back Squat | 15, 12, 10 |
Machine Leg Press | 15, 12, 10 |
Barbell RDL | 8, 6, 4 |
Hamstring Curl | 10 x 3 |
Barbell Hip Thrust | 10 x 3 |
Calf Raises | 15, 12, 10 |
Thursday – Chest, Shoulder, and Triceps
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Incline Barbell Bench Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Pec Dec Fly/Cable Fly | 12, 10, 8 |
DB Overhead Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Front Raise | 10, 8, 6 |
Lateral Raise | 10, 8, 6 |
Narrow Grip Bench Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Bench Dips | 10, 8, 6 |
Friday – Tuesday – Back, Biceps, and Core
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Pullup | AMRAP x 3 |
Pulldown | 12, 10, 8 |
Bent-over Barbell Row | 10, 8, 8 |
Seated Rowing | 10 x 2 |
Cable Curl | 10 x 2 |
Preacher Curl | 10 x 2 |
Reverse Crunches | 15 x 2 |
Leg Raises | 10 x 2 |
Toe Touch Crunches | 10 x 2 |
Saturday – Legs
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Dumbbell Step-up | 10 x 2 |
Barbell Jammers | 15, 12, 10 |
Machine Leg Press | 15, 12, 10 |
Leg Extension | 15, 12, 10 |
Hamstring Curl | 10 x 3 |
Weighted Glute Bridge | 10 x 3 |
Week 6 – Push, Pull, Legs (PPL)
You can repeat the 5th-week routine, or you can make some changes in the sixth week, depending on your choice.
Week 7 – Upper and Lower Mix Workout Plan For Body Transformation
You’ll train your large muscles twice a week, such as your chest, back, shoulder, and legs – in the seventh week of your fitness transformation workout plan.
- Monday: Chest, Glutes, and Calves
- Tuesday: Back and Hamstrings
- Wednesday: Shoulder and Core
- Thursday: Quadriceps and Arms
- Friday: Chest, Glutes, and Calves
- Saturday: Back and Shoulder
- Sunday: Rest
Monday – Chest, Glutes, and Calves
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Flat Bench Press | 15, 10, 8, 6 |
Incline Dumbbell Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Machine/Cable Fly | 12, 10, 8 |
Dumbbell Pullover | 12, 10, 8 |
DB Step-up | AMRAP x 3 |
Barbell Hip Thrust | AMRAP x 2 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Tuesday – Back and Hamstrings
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Pullup | AMRAP x 3 |
Deadlift | 6, 4, 2 |
Lat Pulldown | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Seated Cable Rowing | 10, 8, 8, 6 |
Single-arm DB Rowing | 10 x 2 |
Hamstring Curl | 10 x 2 |
DB Good Morning | 10 x 2 |
Dumbbell RDL | 8 x 3 |
Wednesday – Shoulder and Core
Exercise | Reps |
---|---|
Military Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Front Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Lateral Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Rear Delt Fly | 10, 8, 6 |
Upright Row | 10, 8, 6 |
Mountain Climber | 10 x 2 |
Landmine Oblique Twist | 10 x 2 |
Hanging Knee Raise | 10 x 2 |
Plank | 60-sec x 2 |
Thursday – Quadriceps and Arms
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Barbell Back Squat | 15, 12, 10 |
Machine Leg Press | 12, 10, 8 |
Leg Extension | 15, 12, 10 |
Dumbbell Lunges | 12, 10, 8 |
Sumo Squat | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8 |
Friday – Chest, Glutes, and Calves
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Flat Bench Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Incline Bench Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Dumbbell Fly | 10, 8, 6 |
Bar Dips | AMRAP x 3 |
Dumbbell RDL | 10, 8, 6 |
Glute Bridge | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Saturday – Back and Shoulder
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Pullup | AMRAP x 3 |
Lat Pulldown | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Seated Cable Rowing | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Barbell T Rowing | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Face Pull | 10 x 3 |
Upright Row | 10 x 3 |
Seated Reverse Fly | 10 x 3 |
Week 8 – Upper and Lower Mix
Do the same exercises as you have done during the seventh week of the fitness transformation workout program.
However, you can include or exclude some exercises if you like. You can also train your quads with the chest or core with the back. It’s up to you; there are no disadvantages.
Week 9 – Bro Split Workout Program For Body Transformation
In the 12-week body transformation workout plan, I’ve incorporated the Bro-split program. The bro-split allows you to build up one muscle in one day. For instance, chest on Monday, legs on Tuesday, back on Wednesday, and so on.
So let’s see how you can do that.
- Monday: Chest
- Tuesday: Legs
- Wednesday: Back
- Thursday: Shoulder
- Friday: Biceps and Core
- Saturday: Triceps and Core
Day 1 – Chest
Exercises | Reps |
---|---|
Barbell Flat Bench Press | 12, 10, 8, 6, 4 |
DB Incline Bench Press | 12, 10, 8 |
Incline Cable Fly | 10 x 3 |
Dumbbell Pullover | 10 x 3 |
Bar Dips | AMRAP x 3 |
Dumbbell Squeeze Press | 10 x 2 |
Day 2 – Legs
Exercises | Reps |
---|---|
Dumbbell Lunges | 10 x 2 |
Barbell Back Squat | 15, 12, 10, 8 |
Machine Leg Press | 15, 12, 10, 8 |
Hamstring Curl | 12, 10, 8 |
Dumbbell RDL | 8 x 2 |
Barbell Hip Thrust | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raises | 15, 12, 10 |
Day 3 – Back
Exercises | Reps |
---|---|
Standard Deadlift | AMRAP x 3 |
Pull-ups | AMRAP x 3 |
Lat Pulldown | 10, 8, 6, 4 |
T Bar Rowing | 10, 8, 6, 4 |
Bent-Over Barbell Row | 10, 8, 6, 4 |
Seated Rowing | 10, 8, 6, 4 |
Face Pull | 10 x 2 |
Day 4 – Shoulder
Exercises | Reps |
---|---|
Military Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Dumbbell Front Raises | 10, 10, 8 |
Lateral Raise | 10, 10, 8 |
Bent-over Rear Delt Fly | 10, 10, 8 |
Barbell Upright Row | 12, 10, 8 |
Shoulder Shrug | 12, 10, 8 |
Day 5 – Biceps and Core
Exercises | Reps |
---|---|
Chinups | AMRAP x 3 |
Barbell Curl | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Incline DB Curl | 10 x 3 |
Concentration Curl | 10 x 3 |
Preacher Curl | 10 x 3 |
Wrist Curl | 10 x 3 |
H2L Cable Woodchop | 10 x 2 |
Hanging Knee Raise | 10 x 2 |
Mountain Climbing | 30-sec x 2 |
Plank | 60-sec x 2 |
Day 6 – Triceps and Core
Exercises | Reps |
---|---|
Narrow Grip Bench Press | AMRAP x 3 |
Parallel Bar Dips | 15, 12, 10 |
Skull Crusher | 15, 12, 10 |
DB Overhead Extension | 10, 8, 6 |
Rope Pushdown | 10, 8, 6 |
Tricep Kickback | 10, 8, 6 |
Russian Twist | 20-sec x 2 |
Crunches | 10 x 2 |
Reverse Crunches | AMRAP x 2 |
Side Plank | 30-sec/side |
Week 10 – Bro Split
You can replace some workouts in the tenth week of the three-month transformation workout program. For example,
- Incline bench press, pec dec fly, and pushups for the chest;
- Arnold press, bent-arm lateral raise, and reverse fly for shoulders;
- Standing pulldown, inverted row and one-arm DB Rowing for back;
- Bench dips, bar pushdown, and cable overhead extension for triceps;
- Hammer curl, crossover curl and cable curl for biceps;
- Leg extension, hack squat, and barbell jammers for legs;
- And leg raises, bicycle crunches, russian twist, and ab roller for core muscles.
Week 11 – Upper and Lower Combine Transformation Workout Program
Monday – Chest, Glutes, and Calves
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Flat Bench Press | 15, 10, 8, 6 |
Incline Dumbbell Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Machine/Cable Fly | 12, 10, 8 |
Dumbbell Pullover | 12, 10, 8 |
DB Step-up | AMRAP x 3 |
Barbell Hip Thrust | AMRAP x 2 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Tuesday – Back and Hamstrings
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Pullup | AMRAP x 3 |
Deadlift | 6, 4, 2 |
Lat Pulldown | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Seated Cable Rowing | 10, 8, 8, 6 |
Single-arm DB Rowing | 10 x 2 |
Hamstring Curl | 10 x 2 |
DB Good Morning | 10 x 2 |
Dumbbell RDL | 8 x 3 |
Wednesday – Shoulder and Core
Exercise | Reps |
---|---|
Military Press | 10, 8, 6 |
Front Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Lateral Raises | 10, 8, 6 |
Rear Delt Fly | 10, 8, 6 |
Upright Row | 10, 8, 6 |
Mountain Climber | 10 x 2 |
DB Side Bend | 10 x 2 |
Hanging Knee Raise | 10 x 2 |
Plank | 60-sec x 2 |
Thursday – Quadriceps and Arms
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Barbell Back Squat | 15, 12, 10 |
Machine Leg Press | 12, 10, 8 |
Leg Extension | 15, 12, 10 |
Dumbbell Lunges | 12, 10, 8 |
Sumo Squat | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8 |
Friday – Chest, Glutes, and Calves
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Flat Bench Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Incline Bench Press | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Dumbbell Fly | 10, 8, 6 |
Bar Dips | AMRAP x 3 |
Dumbbell RDL | 10, 8, 6 |
Glute Bridge | 12, 10, 8 |
Calf Raises | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Saturday – Back and Shoulder
Workout | Reps |
---|---|
Pullup | AMRAP x 3 |
Lat Pulldown | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Seated Cable Rowing | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Barbell T Rowing | 12, 10, 8, 6 |
Face Pull | 10 x 3 |
Upright Row | 10 x 3 |
Seated Reverse Fly | 10 x 3 |
Week 12 – Upper Lower Combine
Repeat the week-11 schedule or make some changes according to your will.
12 Week Body Transformation Workout Plan Free PDF
You can download the PDF of the 3-month body transformation workout program for free and use it consistently to transform your physique.
Instructions and Tips to Follow This Program Effectively
1. Pre-Workout Meal
The foundation of a good workout session begins with a couple of hours of training. For example, what you consume before the workout matter a lot.
For an effective training session, you should have your meal 30 minutes to 2 hours before the training, depending on what kind of food you consume.
2. Warm-Up
The warm-up is a crucial part of any weight training routine as it increases blood flow and heart rate helps prevent injuries and improves performance.
You can use cardio machines or perform bodyweight aerobic exercises (not stretching), such as squat jump, burpees, and jumping jacks for 5 minutes to get ready.
3. Post-workout Stretching
Research shows that the post-workout stretching helps reduce muscle soreness. So it’s best to perform some stretching exercises after intense training.4Andersen J. C. (2005). Stretching before and after exercise: effect on muscle soreness and injury risk. Journal of athletic training, 40(3), 218–220.
4. How much should you lift?
You can lift as heavy as possible as long as you perform the suggested reps and sets with the right form.
5. The optimal rest time between exercises
The rest time between sets can be sixty seconds to four minutes, depending on what type of exercises you do. For example, if you do compound liftings you need to take 3-4 minutes of break and if you do isolation exercises, the rest time would be 1-3 minutes.
6. Train When You Feel The Most Active
You can train at any time of the day but make sure you feel physically and mentally active to give your hundred percent.
7. Progress Your Level
Progressive overload is crucial for strength and hypertrophy. That’s why you should gradually increase reps, weight, sets, or workout duration over time to get the maximum results.
8. If You’re a Beginner
It is best to focus on form instead of weight for the first couple of months. Once you gain strength and learn the right form, you can progress your workout. You can also start with the one-hour program.
9. Post Workout Meal
You had a great workout session at the gym, but it is time to maximize your results through a post-workout meal. Having some good foods and supplements after the training will enhance your result.
I suggest consuming at least 40-50 grams of protein and one gram of carbs per kg of your body weight for optimal results (it is only an example, a nutritionist can help you better in this case).
10. Keep yourself hydrated
Keeping yourself hydrated during the workout is crucial for an effective workout session.
Research show that it helps prevents uneasiness and injuries and boosts performance.5Judelson DA, Maresh CM, Farrell MJ, et al. Effect of hydration state on strength, power, and resistance exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):1817-1824. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180de5f22
Explore More Workout Routines
- 4 Day Compound Workout Routine (recommended to follow before the above program )
- 6 Day Gym Workout Schedule with PDF (recommended plan to follow next)
I’ve also created a complete 90 day transformation workout plan, you can also check it out and give it a try.
References
- 1Thomas MH, Burns SP. Increasing Lean Mass and Strength: A Comparison of High-Frequency Strength Training to Lower Frequency Strength Training. Int J Exerc Sci. 2016;9(2):159-167. Published 2016 Apr 1.
- 2A Comparison Between Total Body and Split Routine Resistance Training Programs in Trained Men– The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- 3Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – The National Institute of Health Database
- 4Andersen J. C. (2005). Stretching before and after exercise: effect on muscle soreness and injury risk. Journal of athletic training, 40(3), 218–220.
- 5Judelson DA, Maresh CM, Farrell MJ, et al. Effect of hydration state on strength, power, and resistance exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(10):1817-1824. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180de5f22